| actin cytoskeleton organization |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| anterior/posterior pattern specification |
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. |
| BMP signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| bone trabecula formation |
The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. |
| canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. |
| cellular response to estradiol stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
| cellular response to estrogen stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus. |
| cellular response to growth factor stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
| cellular response to heparin |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus. |
| cellular response to hypoxia |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| cellular response to interleukin-1 |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus. |
| cellular response to starvation |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. |
| cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. |
| cellular response to tumor necrosis factor |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
| cellular response to vitamin D |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus. |
| cellular response to X-ray |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). |
| convergent extension involved in somitogenesis |
The morphogenetic process in which a presomitic mesoderm narrows along the left-right axis and lengthens in the rostral-caudal axis contributing to somitogenesis. |
| development of primary male sexual characteristics |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. |
| digestive tract morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| dopaminergic neuron differentiation |
The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine. |
| dorsal/ventral axis specification |
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. |
| extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| female gonad development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation |
The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. |
| hematopoietic stem cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. |
| hemopoiesis |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. |
| male gonad development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of B cell differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of bone remodeling |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling. |
| negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of cell growth |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| negative regulation of cell migration |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| negative regulation of gene expression |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| negative regulation of insulin secretion |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| negative regulation of JUN kinase activity |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity. |
| negative regulation of ossification |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. |
| negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. |
| negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation. |
| negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification. |
| neural crest cell fate commitment |
The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell. |
| neural tube closure |
The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. |
| neural tube development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. |
| osteoblast differentiation |
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. |
| osteoclast differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. |
| planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation. |
| planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors that modulates the establishment of planar polarity contributing to neural tube closure. |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| positive regulation of cell growth |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. |
| positive regulation of fat cell differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. |
| positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. |
| prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis |
The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini. |
| regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. |
| regulation of cell cycle process |
Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. |
| regulation of establishment of planar polarity |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. |
| regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation. |
| regulation of neuron projection development |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| regulation of ossification |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. |
| response to organic cyclic compound |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| response to xenobiotic stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. |
| somatic stem cell population maintenance |
Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. |
| somitogenesis |
The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. |
| stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development |
The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development. |
| substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading |
The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate. |
| ureteric bud development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis. |
| Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity. |
