| anatomical structure development |
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. |
| aorta morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. |
| apoptotic process |
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis |
The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| cellular response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus. |
| cochlea morphogenesis |
The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized. |
| embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| endothelin receptor signaling pathway |
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| epithelial cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. |
| facial nerve morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. |
| fungiform papilla morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the fungiform papilla are generated and organized. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue. |
| gene expression |
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. |
| generation of neurons |
The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. |
| inner ear development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| inner ear morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. |
| kidney development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development |
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureter, that contributes to ureter development. |
| mesonephric tubule formation |
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros. |
| metanephric mesenchyme development |
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros. |
| middle ear morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window). |
| myoblast migration |
The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| myoblast proliferation |
The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| myotome development |
The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| neural crest cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. |
| neurogenesis |
Generation of cells within the nervous system. |
| neuron fate specification |
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| Notch signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| olfactory placode formation |
The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. |
| organ induction |
The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ. |
| otic vesicle development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. |
| outflow tract morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. |
| pattern specification process |
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. |
| pharyngeal system development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. |
| positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development. |
| positive regulation of myoblast proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. |
| positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract). |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| positive regulation of ureteric bud formation |
Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. |
| protein localization to nucleus |
A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus. |
| regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis. |
| regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| regulation of gene expression |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| regulation of neuron differentiation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| regulation of protein localization |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation. |
| regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctions. |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| sensory perception of sound |
The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. |
| skeletal muscle fiber development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. |
| skeletal muscle tissue development |
The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. |
| skeletal system morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. |
| specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment |
The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. |
| thymus development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. |
| thyroid gland development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone. |
| tongue development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. |
| trigeminal ganglion development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter. |
| ureteric bud development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
