| amyloid precursor protein catabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. |
| amyloid precursor protein metabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. |
| amyloid-beta formation |
The generation of amyloid-beta by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). |
| amyloid-beta metabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP). |
| apoptotic signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| astrocyte activation |
A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| astrocyte activation involved in immune response |
A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| autophagosome assembly |
The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. |
| autophagy |
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. |
| blood vessel development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. |
| brain development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| brain morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation |
The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene. |
| calcium ion transport |
The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| cell fate specification |
The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. |
| cell-cell adhesion |
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
| cellular calcium ion homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. |
| cellular response to amyloid-beta |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus. |
| cellular response to DNA damage stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| cerebellum development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. |
| cerebral cortex cell migration |
The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex. |
| cerebral cortex development |
The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon. |
| choline transport |
The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning |
The process in which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis. |
| embryonic limb morphogenesis |
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. |
| endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
| epithelial cell proliferation |
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. |
| forebrain development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). |
| gene expression |
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. |
| heart development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| heart looping |
The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. |
| hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation |
The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. |
| intracellular signal transduction |
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| L-glutamate import across plasma membrane |
The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| learning or memory |
The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. |
| locomotion |
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. |
| long-term synaptic potentiation |
A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse. |
| membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis |
The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain). |
| membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis |
The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain. |
| memory |
The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). |
| mitochondrial transport |
Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion. |
| myeloid dendritic cell differentiation |
The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. |
| myeloid leukocyte differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of axonogenesis |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. |
| negative regulation of core promoter binding |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding. |
| negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity. |
| negative regulation of gene expression |
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| negative regulation of protein kinase activity |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| negative regulation of protein phosphorylation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. |
| negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity. |
| neural retina development |
The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. |
| neurogenesis |
Generation of cells within the nervous system. |
| neuron apoptotic process |
Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. |
| neuron cellular homeostasis |
The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state. |
| neuron development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| neuron differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. |
| neuron migration |
The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. |
| neuron projection maintenance |
The organization process that preserves a neuron projection in a stable functional or structural state. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| Notch receptor processing |
The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor. |
| Notch signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation. |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of catalytic activity |
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. |
| positive regulation of coagulation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. |
| positive regulation of dendritic spine development |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| positive regulation of gene expression |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| positive regulation of glycolytic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. |
| positive regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell. |
| positive regulation of MAP kinase activity |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
| positive regulation of phosphorylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
| positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| positive regulation of protein binding |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. |
| positive regulation of protein import into nucleus |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. |
| positive regulation of protein kinase activity |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| positive regulation of receptor recycling |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling. |
| positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| post-embryonic development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| protein glycosylation |
A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. |
| protein maturation |
Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. |
| protein metabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. |
| protein processing |
Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. |
| protein transport |
The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity. |
| regulation of gene expression |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| regulation of neuron projection development |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| regulation of phosphorylation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. |
| regulation of protein binding |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. |
| regulation of resting membrane potential |
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized. |
| regulation of synaptic plasticity |
A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. |
| regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
| response to oxidative stress |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| segmentation |
The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis. |
| sequestering of calcium ion |
The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. |
| skeletal system morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. |
| skin morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
| somitogenesis |
The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. |
| synapse organization |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). |
| synaptic vesicle targeting |
The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. |
| T cell activation involved in immune response |
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| T cell receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| thymus development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. |
