| adaptive immune response |
An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). |
| antifungal innate immune response |
An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| autocrine signaling |
Signaling between cells of the same type. The signal produced by the signaling cell binds to a receptor on, and affects a cell of the same type. |
| brain development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| calcium-mediated signaling |
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions. |
| cell adhesion |
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. |
| cell chemotaxis |
The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| cellular response to lipopolysaccharide |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. |
| central nervous system maturation |
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. |
| chemokine-mediated signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by a chemokine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| chemotaxis |
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition |
The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut. |
| immune response |
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. |
| innate immune response |
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| leukocyte chemotaxis |
The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| leukocyte tethering or rolling |
Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection). |
| memory |
The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). |
| microglial cell activation |
The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| microglial cell activation involved in immune response |
The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| modulation of chemical synaptic transmission |
Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. |
| multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and a single dendrite. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of cell migration |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. |
| negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. |
| negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation. |
| negative regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). |
| positive regulation of angiogenesis |
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. |
| positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration |
Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. |
| positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation. |
| positive regulation of microglial cell migration |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration. |
| positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis. |
| positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. |
| positive regulation of neurogenesis |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. |
| positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
| positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. |
| regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor production |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| response to ischemia |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply. |
| social behavior |
Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. |
| synapse maturation |
The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development. |
| synapse pruning |
A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared. |