| actin cytoskeleton reorganization |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| adaptive immune response |
An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). |
| alpha-beta T cell differentiation |
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. |
| arachidonic acid secretion |
The controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue. |
| calcium ion transmembrane transport |
A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| cell surface receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| cellular response to hydrogen peroxide |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
| cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus. |
| DNA duplex unwinding |
The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands. |
| endocrine pancreas development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. |
| estrous cycle |
A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur. |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger |
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide. |
| gliogenesis |
The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. |
| granulocyte chemotaxis |
The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| hepatocyte differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver. |
| inflammatory response |
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| innate immune response |
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| insulin secretion |
The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. |
| keratinocyte differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. |
| monocyte chemotaxis |
The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration |
The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| negative regulation of exocytosis |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. |
| negative regulation of phospholipase A2 activity |
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase A2 activity. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation. |
| neutrophil activation |
The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| neutrophil clearance |
The selective elimination of senescent neutrophils from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms. |
| phagocytosis |
A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. |
| positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle |
Any signalling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-2 production |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. |
| positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. |
| positive regulation of T cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of vesicle fusion |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. |
| positive regulation of wound healing |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| prolactin secretion |
The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary. |
| prostate gland development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. |
| regulation of cell shape |
Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell. |
| regulation of hormone secretion |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. |
| regulation of inflammatory response |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. |
| regulation of interleukin-1 production |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production. |
| regulation of leukocyte migration |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. |
| response to estradiol |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
| response to interleukin-1 |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| response to peptide hormone |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. |
| response to X-ray |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). |
