| angiogenesis |
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. |
| animal organ morphogenesis |
Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| apoptotic process |
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| axonogenesis |
De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. |
| bone development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. |
| bone mineralization |
The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue. |
| bone morphogenesis |
The process in which bones are generated and organized. |
| branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis |
The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch. |
| branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis |
The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. |
| branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis |
The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized. |
| branching morphogenesis of a nerve |
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron). |
| bud elongation involved in lung branching |
The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed. |
| cell fate commitment |
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. |
| cell-cell signaling |
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. |
| digestive tract development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| embryonic organ development |
Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| embryonic organ morphogenesis |
Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| embryonic pattern specification |
The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. |
| epidermis morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
| epithelial cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. |
| epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis |
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland. |
| gland morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. |
| inner ear morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. |
| lacrimal gland development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye. |
| lateral sprouting from an epithelium |
The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium. |
| limb bud formation |
The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable. |
| lung alveolus development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways. |
| lung development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
| lung lobe morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. |
| lung-associated mesenchyme development |
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung. |
| membranous septum morphogenesis |
The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. |
| mesenchymal cell differentiation |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. |
| mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. |
| mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development |
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. |
| midbrain development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). |
| morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium |
The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| odontogenesis |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. |
| organ growth |
The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. |
| otic vesicle formation |
The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. |
| outflow tract septum morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. |
| positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of cell division |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis |
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape. |
| positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation |
The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. |
| post-embryonic development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis |
The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini. |
| prostate epithelial cord elongation |
The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length. |
| prostate gland morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized. |
| regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| regulation of smoothened signaling pathway |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. |
| reproductive structure development |
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. |
| squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development |
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate. |
| ureteric bud development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. |
