| actin cytoskeleton organization |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| action potential |
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. |
| amino acid transport |
The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| amyloid precursor protein catabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. |
| associative learning |
Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). |
| autophagosome maturation |
Removal of PI3P and Atg8/LC3 after the closure of the phagophore and before the fusion with the endosome/lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects) or vacuole (yeast), and that very likely destabilizes other Atg proteins and thus enables their efficient dissociation and recycling. |
| autophagosome-lysosome fusion |
The process in which autophagosomes, double-membraned vesicles containing cytoplasmic material, fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome. |
| blood vessel endothelial cell migration |
The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis. |
| cellular water homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within a cell. |
| endocytosis |
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. |
| establishment of localization in cell |
Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. |
| glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. |
| glycolipid transport |
The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| Golgi to lysosome transport |
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to lysosomes. |
| ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| L-arginine transmembrane transport |
The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane. |
| learning or memory |
The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. |
| lysosomal lumen acidification |
Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| lysosomal lumen pH elevation |
Any process that increases the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| lysosomal protein catabolic process |
Any cellular protein catabolic process that takes place in a lysosome. |
| lysosome organization |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases. |
| macroautophagy |
The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Some types of macroautophagy, e.g. pexophagy, mitophagy, involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. |
| membrane organization |
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of catalytic activity |
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. |
| negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| negative regulation of proteolysis |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| neuromuscular process controlling balance |
Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. |
| neurotransmitter metabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. |
| phagosome-lysosome docking |
The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. |
| phagosome-lysosome fusion |
The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome. |
| plasma membrane raft organization |
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts. |
| positive regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. |
| positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. |
| positive regulation of pinocytosis |
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes. |
| positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| protein localization to membrane |
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane. |
| protein localization to plasma membrane |
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| protein phosphorylation |
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| protein processing |
Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis |
An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. |
| regulation of arginine biosynthetic process |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process. |
| regulation of autophagosome maturation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation. |
| regulation of autophagosome size |
Any process that modulates the size of the autophagosome. |
| regulation of autophagy |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| regulation of cellular response to osmotic stress |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cellular response to osmotic stress. |
| regulation of cytoskeleton organization |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. |
| regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings. |
| regulation of fibroblast migration |
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. |
| regulation of filopodium assembly |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| regulation of gene expression |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). |
| regulation of intracellular pH |
Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| regulation of modification of synaptic structure |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of synaptic structure. |
| regulation of phagosome maturation |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation. |
| regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. |
| regulation of protein processing |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity |
A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity. |
| regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). |
| regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
| renal potassium excretion |
The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. |
| vesicle transport along microtubule |
The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. |
