| adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway |
An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. |
| adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway |
An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. |
| adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| bone development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. |
| calcium ion homeostasis |
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. |
| cartilage development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| cellular response to catecholamine stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. |
| cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus. |
| cognition |
The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. |
| developmental growth |
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. |
| DNA methylation |
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. |
| embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis |
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal. |
| endochondral ossification |
Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. |
| energy reserve metabolic process |
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. |
| genomic imprinting |
The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) during gametogenesis, leading to an asymmetry in the heterochromatin between the maternal and paternal alleles, and differential expression of the corresponding alleles. This asymmetry results from the different epigenetic pathways acting in maternal and paternal gametes. |
| hair follicle placode formation |
The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud. |
| multicellular organism growth |
The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. |
| negative regulation of blood pressure |
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased. |
| negative regulation of multicellular organism growth |
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. |
| negative regulation of renal sodium excretion |
Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time. |
| platelet aggregation |
The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. |
| positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling |
Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling. |
| positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis. |
| positive regulation of GTPase activity |
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. |
| positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| positive regulation of sodium ion transport |
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| post-embryonic body morphogenesis |
The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized. |
| post-embryonic development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. |
| regulation of signal transduction |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| response to parathyroid hormone |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus. |
| response to xenobiotic stimulus |
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. |
| sensory perception of chemical stimulus |
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| skeletal system development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). |
| skin development |
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. |
| tissue homeostasis |
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. |