Descriptions
Gαi1 is a G-protein alpha subunit that plays a crucial role in signal transduction pathway initiated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. G proteins function as transducers downstream of GPCRs in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active (GTP-bound state) and an inactive (GDP-bound state). Activated GPCR induces conformational change in Gαi1, which allows for GDP-to-GTP exchange by binding to the GPCR-binding site within a Ras-like domain, leading to dissociation of the Gαi1 subunit and initiation of downstream signaling.
Autoinhibitory domains (AIDs)
Target domain |
1410-1793 (Globular tail domain, GTD) |
Relief mechanism |
Ligand binding, Partner binding |
Assay |
|
Accessory elements
No accessory elements
Autoinhibited structure
Activated structure
1 structures for P21271
| Entry ID | Method | Resolution | Chain | Position | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF-P21271-F1 | Predicted | AlphaFoldDB |
No variants for P21271
| Variant ID(s) | Position | Change | Description | Diseaes Association | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No variants for P21271 | |||||
1 associated diseases with P21271
[MIM: 615073]: Dystonia 25 (DYT25)
A form of dystonia, a disorder defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contraction, often leading to abnormal postures. DYT25 is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by adult onset of focal dystonia, usually involving the neck. The dystonia most often progresses to involve other regions, particularly the face and laryngeal muscles, and less commonly the trunk and limbs. . Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Without disease ID
- A form of dystonia, a disorder defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contraction, often leading to abnormal postures. DYT25 is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by adult onset of focal dystonia, usually involving the neck. The dystonia most often progresses to involve other regions, particularly the face and laryngeal muscles, and less commonly the trunk and limbs. . Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
7 regional properties for P21271
| Type | Name | Position | InterPro Accession |
|---|---|---|---|
| domain | Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain | 137 - 253 | IPR000595-1 |
| domain | Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain | 255 - 376 | IPR000595-2 |
| domain | cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit, dimerization-anchoring domain | 25 - 62 | IPR003117 |
| conserved_site | Cyclic nucleotide-binding, conserved site | 164 - 180 | IPR018488-1 |
| conserved_site | Cyclic nucleotide-binding, conserved site | 200 - 217 | IPR018488-2 |
| conserved_site | Cyclic nucleotide-binding, conserved site | 282 - 298 | IPR018488-3 |
| conserved_site | Cyclic nucleotide-binding, conserved site | 324 - 341 | IPR018488-4 |
16 GO annotations of cellular component
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| actin cytoskeleton | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. |
| apical cortex | The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell. |
| brush border | The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of an epithelial cell in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell. |
| cytoplasm | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| dendritic spine | A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity. |
| glutamatergic synapse | A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter. |
| membrane | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. |
| myosin complex | A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes. |
| neuronal cell body | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| perinuclear region of cytoplasm | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| postsynapse | The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. |
| postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton | The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse. |
| postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane | The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic recycling endosome. |
| presynapse | The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. |
| Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse | A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell. |
| vesicle | Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. |
7 GO annotations of molecular function
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| actin filament binding | Binding to an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits. |
| ATP binding | Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| ATP hydrolysis activity | Catalysis of the reaction |
| calmodulin binding | Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states. |
| ionotropic glutamate receptor binding | Binding to an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels. |
| microfilament motor activity | A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament, driven by ATP hydrolysis. |
| small GTPase binding | Binding to a small monomeric GTPase. |
15 GO annotations of biological process
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| actin filament organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. |
| dendritic spine morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. |
| endosomal transport | The directed movement of substances mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials enclosed in the lumen or located in the endosomal membrane. |
| modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission. |
| neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to plasma membrane | The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles. |
| positive regulation of axon extension | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. |
| positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. |
| positive regulation of exosomal secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. |
| protein transmembrane transport | The process in which a protein is transported across a membrane. |
| regulation of modification of postsynaptic structure | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of postsynaptic structure. |
| regulation of protein localization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| synaptic vesicle recycling via endosome | Synaptic vesicle recycling where vesicles endocytosed via clathrin-coated pits re-acidify and refill with neurotransmitters after passing through an endosomal intermediate. |
| vesicle transport along actin filament | Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. |
| vesicle-mediated transport in synapse | Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse. |
16 homologous proteins in AiPD
| UniProt AC | Gene Name | Protein Name | Species | Evidence Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q27991 | MYH10 | Myosin-10 | Bos taurus (Bovine) | SS |
| Q02440 | MYO5A | Unconventional myosin-Va | Gallus gallus (Chicken) | SS |
| Q5U651 | RASIP1 | Ras-interacting protein 1 | Homo sapiens (Human) | PR |
| B0I1T2 | MYO1G | Unconventional myosin-Ig | Homo sapiens (Human) | PR |
| Q9NQX4 | MYO5C | Unconventional myosin-Vc | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| P35580 | MYH10 | Myosin-10 | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| Q9Y4I1 | MYO5A | Unconventional myosin-Va | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| Q9ULV0 | MYO5B | Unconventional myosin-Vb | Homo sapiens (Human) | SS |
| Q3U0S6 | Rasip1 | Ras-interacting protein 1 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | PR |
| Q61879 | Myh10 | Myosin-10 | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
| Q99104 | Myo5a | Unconventional myosin-Va | Mus musculus (Mouse) | EV |
| E9Q634 | Myo1e | Unconventional myosin-Ie | Mus musculus (Mouse) | PR |
| Q64331 | Myo6 | Unconventional myosin-VI | Mus musculus (Mouse) | SS |
| Q9JLT0 | Myh10 | Myosin-10 | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | SS |
| P70569 | Myo5b | Unconventional myosin-Vb | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | SS |
| Q9M2K0 | XI-J | Myosin-16 | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) | PR |
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| MGCLGGNSKT | TEDQGVDEKE | RREANKKIEK | QLQKERLAYK | ATHRLLLLGA | GESGKSTIVK |
| 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
| QMRILHVNGF | NPEEKKQKIL | DIRKNVKDAI | VTIVSAMSTI | IPPVPLANPE | NQFRSDYIKS |
| 130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 |
| IAPITDFEYS | QEFFDHVKKL | WDDEGVKACF | ERSNEYQLID | CAQYFLERID | SVSLVDYTPT |
| 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 |
| DQDLLRCRVL | TSGIFETRFQ | VDKVNFHMFD | VGGQRDERRK | WIQCFNDVTA | IIYVAACSSY |
| 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 |
| NMVIREDNNT | NRLRESLDLF | ESIWNNRWLR | TISIILFLNK | QDMLAEKVLA | GKSKIEDYFP |
| 310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 |
| EYANYTVPED | ATPDAGEDPK | VTRAKFFIRD | LFLRISTATG | DGKHYCYPHF | TCAVDTENIR |
| 370 | 380 | ||||
| RVFNDCRDII | QRMHLKQYEL | L |